The founder of satirical novels, The Scholars, is his representative work

Satirical novels are a literary genre that is mainly featured by satire. By describing the bad phenomena in society or the weaknesses of human nature, it reveals the dark side of society and the nature of human nature, so that readers have a deeper understanding of society and human nature. There were many representative works of satirical novels, among which the more famous ones included "Madman's Diary","The True Story of Ah Q","Teahouse","The Complete Works of Lu Xun's Fictions" and so on. These works deeply reflected the social reality and people's living standards at that time by portraying the characters, exposing the weaknesses of human nature, and satirizing social phenomena. They became the classics of modern Chinese literature.

The founder of the stream-of-consciousness novel was William F. His work, Gone with the Wind, was considered a classic stream-of-consciousness novel. This novel contained a lot of subjective colors and emotional descriptions, and it attracted a wide range of readers with its unique narrative method.

The ancestor of the stream-of-consciousness novel was Emile Auge, whose representative work was The Sun Is Shining.

The founder of modern Chinese literature is an indispensable figure in the history of Chinese literature. His name is Lu Xun. His masterpieces were The Madman's Diary and The True Story of Ah Q. These two works, with profound thoughts and unique artistic expression, created a precedent for modern Chinese novels and had a far-reaching impact on the development of modern Chinese literature.

Ye Shengtao was one of the founders of modern Chinese literature and also one of the founders of modern Chinese novels. His masterpiece was the novel "Golden Age."

The founder of French novels was Calvino. His representative works included One Hundred Years of Solitude and The Kite Runner.

The Scholar's Unofficial History is a novel set in the officialdom of the late Ming Dynasty. Its satirical techniques are mainly expressed in the following aspects: 1. Satire of officialdom: The novel reveals the hypocrisy and darkness of officialdom through the description of various corrupt phenomena in officialdom, such as corruption, gifting, collusion, etc. It reflects the corrupt status quo of officialdom in the late Ming Dynasty. 2. Satire the psychology of officials: In the novel, some officials showed unhealthy psychology when facing various difficulties and setbacks, such as inferiority, fear, selfishness, etc. The psychological description of these officials deeply reflected the psychological state of some officials in the late Ming Dynasty. 3. Satire of human weakness: In the novel, some officials showed human weaknesses such as greed, selfishness, vanity, etc. when they faced various difficulties and setbacks, which also deeply reflected the weakness of human nature in the late Ming Dynasty. 4. Satire of social reality: The officialdom ecology and social reality described in the novel, such as the hierarchy system, power struggle, feudal ethics, etc., deeply reflected the social reality of the late Ming Dynasty. The scholars revealed the ecological and social reality of the officialdom at the end of the Ming Dynasty, as well as the psychological and human weaknesses of the officials.

The Scholar's Unofficial History was a satirical novel. Its main satirical techniques included: 1. Satire of Confucianism: The scholars revealed some limitations and hypocrisy of Confucianism through their criticism and satire of Confucianism. It denied some theories and views in the Confucian classics and used fictional plots to prove the absurdity of these theories. 2. Satire of officials: The officials in the history of the scholars were all representatives of Confucianism, but their behavior was contrary to Confucianism. Through the description of these officials, the author satirized the high requirements of Confucianism for officials and the unscrupulous phenomenon of officials pursuing superficial "morality." 3. Satire of feudal society: The Scholars described a seemingly harmonious and stable feudal society, but in fact it was full of hypocrisy and contradictions. Through the description of various characters in the feudal society, the author reveals some shortcomings of the feudal society, such as corruption in officialdom, social injustice, moral decay and so on. 4. The irony of human nature: Although the protagonists in the history of the scholars were all representatives of Confucianism, their actions were full of selfishness, hypocrisy, and cunning. Through the fictional plots and characters, the author profoundly revealed the complexity of human nature and the distortions and transformations that people showed in the pursuit of interests.

" The Scholars " was a satirical novel that mainly satirized the Confucian scholars in the feudal society of the Qing Dynasty and the various ills of this class. Through describing the hypocrisy, selfishness, and greed of the Confucian elites in politics, morality, and culture, the novel revealed the constraints and limitations of Confucianism in feudal society. At the same time, the novel also satirized the corruption and autocracy of the ruling class of the Qing Dynasty, as well as the artsy and vanity of the Confucian scholars. Through profound social criticism, The Scholars expressed their protest against the feudal society and their longing for the future.

The representative satirical story in the middle medieval citizen literature was Notre-Dame de Paris. This novel was written by Victor Hugo in 1831. It was set in 15th-century Paris and told a series of stories about the clock tower monster, the fire victims, the little girl who sold matches, and so on. It reflected the various ills of society and the distortion of human nature at that time. This novel was regarded as a classic in the history of French literature and had a profound influence on later literary creation.