World literature, literary schools and trends of thought

There are many literary trends and schools in modern and contemporary Chinese literature. The following are some of the more famous ones: 1. New literature trend: After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the new literature trend began to rise. It used the guiding ideology of the doctrine of Confucianism to emphasize the role of realistic literature and the literature of the working class, and advocated literature to serve the people. 2. Modern literature: From the 1950s to the 1970s, modern literature became the mainstream of Chinese literature. It emphasized the realism and the nature of the literature, but also focused on the performance of social reality and people's lives. 3. Modern literature: From the late 1970s to the early 1980s, contemporary literature began to rise. It focuses on reflecting real life and human nature, emphasizing the realism and authenticity of literature, as well as social criticism and human nature exploration. 4. New realism literature: From the late 1980s to the early 1990s, new realism literature rose. It reflected the social reality with a true, objective and calm attitude, focusing on describing the inner world and emotional experience of the characters. 5. Modern literature: Modern literature rose from the late 1990s to the early 2000s. It emphasized the freedom of literature and the expression of personal feelings and life experiences. 6. Fantasy novels: In recent years, fantasy novels have become the new favorite of Chinese literature. It focuses on fantasy and fantasy as the theme, focusing on the psychological and destiny changes of the characters, and is deeply loved by young people. Online literature: With the popularity of the Internet, online literature has become a new form of literature. It focuses on the development of plots and the setting of characters with the theme of online language and online culture. It is deeply loved by young people. This is only a small part of the literary trends and schools of thought in modern and contemporary Chinese literature. There are many other schools and trends of thought such as realism literature, ancient literature, foreign literature, and so on.

The literary schools and literary thoughts are very important concepts in the history of literature. There is a close relationship between the two. A literary genre refers to a collection of literary works that have formed a certain style, characteristics, and artistic rules in the history of literature. It is usually created by different works or cultural traditions with certain historical and regional characteristics. For example, ancient literature's Chu Ci, Book of Songs, Tang poetry, Song Ci, and other modern literature's realism, realism, post-realism, symbolism, expressionism, science fiction literature, magic realism, and so on. The trend of thought in literature was a literary movement or school that focused on a specific social, political, and cultural problem from a literary perspective. For example, modern literature's theories such as the theories of modern literature such as the theories of modern literature such. The formation and evolution of literary schools and literary thoughts were often accompanied by changes in society, politics, culture, and other external environments. Different literary schools and literary thoughts often reflected the social, political, and cultural features of different historical periods, and also left an important mark on the later literary history.

The literary trends and schools represented by Goethe included: 1. Faustialism: This ideology originated from the 18th century in Germany, with Goethe as the representative, emphasizing personal emotions and inner experiences, emphasizing the emotional expression and artistic conception of poetry. Romanticism: This trend of thought originated in the 19th century, with Goethe, Einstein, Schiller, etc. as representatives, emphasizing human freedom and emotion against rationality and science, emphasizing individual emotions and spiritual experience. 3. naturalism: This trend of thought originated in the 19th century, with Dickens as the representative, emphasizing the relationship between humans and the natural environment, emphasizing realism and scientific descriptions against romantic emotional expressions. Realism: This trend of thought originated in the 20th century, with Tolstoy as the representative, emphasizing realism and historical facts, paying attention to the social status and living environment of the characters, and opposing the emotional expression of romanticism. 5. Dramatic literature (Dramatic literature): This trend of thought originated in the 19th century, with shakespeare as the representative, emphasizing the artistry and expressiveness of plays, emphasizing the description of characters and the design of plots, opposing the narrative method of novels. These literary thoughts and schools were reflected in Goethe's works, such as Goethe's play Faust and the novel The Catcher in the Rye.

The literary characteristics of the works of the Hundred Schools of Thought varied according to the era, region, cultural background, and other factors. However, the following are some possible characteristics: 1. Profound thoughts: The thoughts of the Hundred Schools of Thought are profound and extensive, often involving philosophy, morality, politics, history, culture, and many other aspects. These thoughts often require in-depth thinking to understand. 2. Elegant language: The language of the works of the Hundred Schools of Thought is elegant, concise, and rhythmic. They often use poetry to express their thoughts, which has a certain literary value. 3. Magnificent chapters: Some of the works of the Hundred Schools of Thought had grand chapters and rich content, including a large number of historical events, biographies, geographical descriptions, etc., which often became important materials for history, culture, geography, and other disciplines. 4. Simple expression: Compared with the profound thoughts of the philosophers, their expressions are often concise and clear. They don't need a lot of rhetorical techniques and gorgeous words. They pay more attention to the expression of ideas and the clarity of logic. 5. Diverse content: The works of the Hundred Schools of Philosophy are diverse and all-encompassing, including politics, philosophy, history, culture, art, and many other aspects. They are diverse and inclusive. It should be noted that due to the far-reaching influence of the works of the Hundred Schools of Philosophy, their literary value is also affected by many factors such as history, culture, social background, etc. Therefore, there may be different explanations for their literary characteristics.

It was a common phenomenon that the schools of thought in modern western literature were influenced by Chinese literature. In the early 20th century, Chinese literature began to come into contact with the New Culture Movement and Confucianism, and gradually developed its own literary style and ideology. Western modern literature began at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. It experienced the development of different thoughts and schools, such as realism, post-realism, feminism, racialism, and so on. These thoughts and schools of thought were influenced by Chinese literature in terms of creation and theory. For example, the representative figures of modernist literature were Calvino and Margaret Atwood. Their works explored the life of modern cities and the fate of mankind, which was similar to the literary works in Chinese literature that reflected social changes and the fate of mankind. The representative figures of post-modern literature are Borges and Margaret Atwood. Their works discuss the fracture and reconstruction of culture and history, which is similar to the emphasis on the importance of traditional culture and history in Chinese literature. The representative figures of feminism literature were Jim Christie and Margaret Atwood. Their works both paid attention to women's lives and destiny, and explored the status and power of women in society. This was similar to the historical background of Chinese literature, which emphasized women's liberation and the improvement of women's status. The representative figures in the literature of racialism were Jia Pingwa and Marquez. Their works both explored the problem of racial discrimination in Chinese society and history, as well as the interpersonal relationships and fates between different races. This was similar to the emphasis on national unity and variety in Chinese literature. Therefore, it was inevitable that the schools of thought in modern western literature were influenced by Chinese literature. This influence was not only reflected in the creation and theory, but also in the cultural and social background, which made the western modern literature reflect the experience and tradition of Chinese literature to a certain extent.

The main literary trends in modern and contemporary China can be divided into the following categories: 1. Realist literary trend: This trend originated in the 1930s and reached its peak in the 1940s. It emphasized the reality and objective description of social life and opposed the exaggeration and idealization of romantic literature. 2. Modern literary trend: This trend of thought rose in the 1950s, emphasizing the innovation and uniqueness of literary forms and structures, and pursuing the contradiction and conflict in the hearts of the characters. 3. Post-modern literary trend: This trend of thought became popular in the 1980s, emphasizing the historical and cultural significance of literature and exploring the interaction between literature and society, culture and history. 4. The new wave of contemporary literature: In recent years, there have been some new literary trends in the literary world of our country, such as scar literature, obscure poetry, third-generation poetry, online literature, etc. 5. Revival of realism: In recent years, some literary works have shown the revival and return of realism, such as Living, Xu Sanguan Selling Blood, etc.

Some schools of thought in modern western literature were influenced by Chinese literature, such as: Realist literature: Realist literature originated in China in the early 20th century, emphasizing the description of social reality and character. Later, it was also widely used in modern Western literature. 2. Modern literature: Modern literature originated in the 1920s and emphasized the uniqueness and contradiction of art, which was later widely used in modern western literature. 3. Post-modern literature: Post-modern literature developed in the 1950s, emphasizing the multiculturalism of literature and cultural differences. Later, it was also widely used in Western modern literature. Symbolism literature: Symbolism literature emphasized the role of symbols and symbols to express profound emotions and thoughts through metaphor and other means. Later, it was also widely used in modern western literature. Orientalist literature: Orientalist literature is the prejudice and misunderstanding of Western culture towards Chinese literature and culture, emphasizing the uniqueness and value of Chinese literature and culture. Later, it was also widely used in modern Western literature. It should be noted that this is only an example of some schools of thought in modern Western literature being influenced by Chinese literature. At the same time, different schools of thought had different influences and effects, which could not be simply attributed to the influence of a certain work.

The two main sources of European literature and the seven major trends of thought were: Source: Ancient Greek mythology and Roman literature. 2. The seven major trends of thought: Renaissance, Religious Reformation, Enlightenment, Romanticism, Realism, Symbolism, and Modern. These thoughts had a far-reaching influence on European literature, which had an important influence on the style, theme, thoughts and schools of literature.

The Hundred Schools of Thought referred to the various schools of thought during the Warring States Period in ancient China, including Confucianism, Taoism, Mohism, Legalism, Famous School, Military School, Political School, Yin-Yang School, Eclectics, and novelists. Each of these schools had their own unique ideas and theories, which had a profound impact on ancient Chinese society and politics.

The main literary trends in the history of European literature included the Humanism of the Renaissance, the aesthetic style of the Baroque and Rococo periods, the expression of personal emotions during the Romanticism period, the social criticism and description during the Realism period, and the abstract thinking and anti-traditional thinking during the Modern period.