Official system of the Qing Dynasty

The official register of the Qing Dynasty included nine grades and eighteen levels of official positions, which were divided into central official positions and local official positions. The central officials were divided into three categories: the central department, the assistant department, and the imperial department, including the cabinet, the military and political affairs department, the six departments, the imperial censorate, the supreme court, the ruling court, the imperial academy, the general administration department, the imperial college, the imperial celestial department, the imperial clan office, the internal affairs office, the Zhan Shi office, the Taichang Temple, the Guanglu Temple, the Taipu Temple, the Honglu Temple, and the Imperial Hospital. Local officials were divided into two categories: civil officials and military officers, including governors, governors, generals, prefects, prefects, Tongzhi, Tongpan, magistrate, county magistrate, and main book. However, the given search results did not provide the specific content of the Qing Dynasty official roster.

The contents of the Qing Dynasty official seal included the date of manufacture, serial number, manufacturing unit (such as "Made by the Ministry of Rites"), the name of the official office (such as "Department of Promotion and consolation in the car"), and the level of the official office (such as "Third Grade Civil Service in the Capital","Internal and External Military Officers below Third or Fourth Grade").

The official seals of officials at all levels in the Qing Dynasty differed according to their grades and positions. The official seals of the Qing Dynasty were divided into six grades: treasure, seal, customs defense, map record, regulation record and record. The seal was made of gold, three inches and six minutes square and one inch thick. Seals were used by permanent and administrative organizations. Their size ranged from three inches to two inches and one minute, and one inch to four minutes and four centimeters thick. They were made of silver or copper. The customs seal was used by temporary institutions that dealt with finance, engineering, and other matters. The specific information of other grades of seals such as pictures, records, and records was not mentioned. In addition, there were certain rules on the shape and text of the official seal. For example, the official seal was square, and temporary and unofficial officials did not use official seals. In general, the official seals of officials at all levels of the Qing Dynasty differed according to their positions and ranks.

The official seal of the Qing Dynasty was indeed valuable. The highest price of the Qing Dynasty official bronze seal in the auction market was the Qianlong period official bronze seal, which was sold for nearly 1.5 million yuan. The market price of other Qing Dynasty bronze official seals ranged from 150,000 to 600,000 yuan. In addition, the official seals of the Qing Dynasty were printed in small quantities and of high quality, especially the books printed by the Inner Mansion. Because they were only for the emperor and ministers to read, they also had a high collection value. However, the specific value evaluation of the official seal of the Qing Dynasty still needed to consider factors such as version, appearance, content, printing method, and printing quality.

The value of the official seal of the Qing Dynasty depended on many factors, such as material, appearance, age, and so on. The official seals of the Qing Dynasty were divided into different levels. The highest level of official seals were made of jade. Among them, Emperor Qianlong used 23 jade seals. In addition, there were official seals made of gold and sandalwood. Due to the importance of official seals, the imperial court had imposed strict restrictions on the materials used for official seals. However, the search results did not provide any specific information about the value of the official seal of the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, it was impossible to determine whether the official seal of the Qing Dynasty was worth anything.

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The official seal system of the Jin Dynasty was an official seal system during the Jin Dynasty. The shape and production method of the official seal of the Jin Dynasty were similar to those of the previous generation, but there were some improvements in some aspects. The official seal of the Jin Dynasty was generally square in shape, and the seal button was in the shape of a echelon column. The upper end was engraved with the word "Shang" to indicate the direction of the seal. The official seal mostly used the nine-fold seal script, the strokes turned into square folds, and most of the words were arranged in parallel. On the back of the official seal, there were Shao Fu Jian, the Ministry of Rites, the Ministry of Rites of the Imperial Palace, the Ministry of Rites of each state, the various roads, the government, and the state. The casting and printing were independent, and the unified shape was difficult to continue. In the official seals of the Jin Dynasty, some began to show numbers, which might be related to the increase in the number of seals. However, the specific size and system details of the official seal of the Jin Dynasty still needed further study.

The official ranking system of the Ming Dynasty was divided according to the official's rank, which was divided into nine grades and eighteen grades. The ninth grade system was based on the ranking of officials. The first grade was the highest and the ninth grade was the lowest. Level 18 was the actual salary level of an official, corresponding to the ninth level. The promotion and treatment of officials were based on this hierarchy. The official ranks of the Ming Dynasty included three dukes, three orphans, governor, prefect, and governor. The three dukes and three orphans were the official titles given by the emperor to the ministers, and they had no actual jurisdiction. The governor was a local chief executive, equivalent to the current provincial chief executive. His rank was the second grade or the second grade. The prefect was the chief executive of a region, equivalent to the current chief executive of a prefecture-level city. His rank was the fourth grade or the fourth grade. A Zhizhou was a local chief executive, equivalent to the current chief executive of a county-level city. Its rank was either the sixth grade or the sixth grade. The promotion and treatment of officials in the Ming Dynasty also needed to go through recommendation and selection. The recommendation was recommended by the superior officials or other people with power. The selection was based on the performance and ability of the officials to select officials for promotion. Officials of different ranks and levels had different responsibilities and powers. First-rank officials were high-ranking officials in the imperial court and had important decision-making power and leadership abilities. Second-rank and third-rank officials were middle-ranking officials in the imperial court and were responsible for specific government affairs and administrative management. Fourth-rank to sixth-rank officials were low-ranking officials in the imperial court and were responsible for grassroots administrative management and social stability. Seventh-rank to ninth-rank officials were grassroots workers in the imperial court and were responsible for grassroots administrative management and social services.

The official history books of the Qing Dynasty mainly included the Manuscript of the Qing Dynasty and the unofficial history of the Qing Dynasty. The Manuscript of Qing History was an official history compiled by the Qing government and one of the most important official histories in Chinese history. The book was compiled by the Qing Dynasty officials Chen Qiaoyi and others in 1899. It included the emperors, prime ministers, imperial clan, ministers, and important events of the Qing Dynasty. The concise writing style and accurate content of the book were regarded as classic works in the history of ancient China. " Unofficial History of the Qing Dynasty " was a collection of novels and folktales from the Qing Dynasty. Some of them were even fictional. However, due to the social stability of the Qing Dynasty, these unofficial historical novels often became cultural symbols in people's lives at that time, so they were also considered a part of the official history of the Qing Dynasty. These two books are very important. Understanding them can help you better understand the history and culture of the Qing Dynasty.

The Qing Dynasty official seal was developed on the basis of the Ming Dynasty official seal system. The buttons of the official seal mostly used tiger-shaped buttons. Different levels of official seals matched the official position. The higher the level, the more complicated the production and the larger the size. The official seal was usually made of silver and weighed about 3800 grams. The seal was engraved with Manchu, Mongolian, Hui, and Han characters. The Manchu and Chinese characters were written in willow leaf seal script. There were 32 types of seal script in the Qing Dynasty, nine of which were used for official seals. The seal scripts used by military officers were willow leaf seal script, seal script, and hanging needle seal script. The official seal was generally square or rectangular, and the button was mostly a long column. In the late Qing Dynasty, some official seals began to use Chinese and English instead of Manchu. Generally speaking, the official seal of the Qing Dynasty had its own national characteristics, using a variety of characters and seal characters.