Well, in the old woman and the physician story, the moral might be related to the idea of justice. The old woman, being perhaps wiser than she was given credit for, was able to seek justice when the physician tried to wrong her. It's a story that could be telling us that no matter how powerful or educated someone might be (like the physician), they can't escape the consequences of their unjust actions. And that the weak or the old, like the old woman, have their own ways of fighting back and ensuring fairness.
The main characters are the old woman and the physician, as the title of the story suggests.
Again, without knowing the specific story, it's hard to say. But generally, stories about old women often have morals related to the value of experience, wisdom, or kindness.
The moral could be about kindness. If the old woman was kind to the sparrow, it might show that being good to others, even small creatures, is rewarded. Just like in many stories where good deeds come back to benefit the doer.
The moral could be that wisdom often comes with age. The old woman in the story might use her life experiences and intelligence to solve problems or face challenges.
I don't know the story, so I can't say for sure. But it could be about kindness if the old woman is shown to be kind and gets rewarded in the story.
The moral could be about the rewards of hard work. If the old woman worked hard on the pumpkin, like taking care of it, she might get good results in the end.
The moral could be about kindness and cleverness. The old woman may have used her wits to deal with the genie, showing that intelligence can overcome power.
It could also be that appearances are deceiving. The old woman may seem unimportant at first glance because of her age and perhaps humble appearance. But she turns out to have a great impact on the king, teaching him lessons that he wouldn't have learned otherwise. So, we shouldn't judge people by their outward appearance.
The moral is to beware of the ungrateful. The snake in the story was ungrateful for the old woman's kindness and bit her. It tells us that some things or people might not repay our kindness in a positive way, so we need to be careful.
The moral could be that hard work pays off. In the story, if the old woman worked hard on her pumpkin patch, it might lead to a bountiful harvest, teaching us the value of effort.