生物多样性测定主要有三个空间尺度下的多样性指数： 1. **α多样性指数**： - **Shannon - Weiner指数**：\(H = - \sum_{i = 1}^{S}P_{i}\ln P_{i}\)，其中\(P_{i}\)为属于种\(i\)的个体在全部个体中的比例，\(S\)为物种数目。 - **Pielou指数（均匀度指数）**：\(E = H/\ln S\)。 - **Simpson’s指数（优势度指数）**：\(D = 1-\sum_{i = 1}^{S}P_{i}^{2}\)，这里\(P_{i}\)为属于种\(i\)的个体在全部个体中的比例。α多样性主要关注局域均匀生境下的物种数目，也被称为生境内的多样性。 2. **β多样性指数**： - **Sorensen指数**：\(C_{s}=2c/(a + b)\)。...

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