Jiraiya is often a common character. Since he was Naruto's teacher and had knowledge of sage training himself, he might appear in the fanfiction to guide Naruto further. Another one could be Kakashi. He is always looking out for Naruto and could be involved in the training in some way, like providing strategic advice.
Sakura could be a character in such fanfiction. She might be involved in Naruto's sage training by providing medical support or by having her own role in the overall plot related to the training. For example, she could discover a new medical jutsu that helps Naruto during his intense sage training sessions. Additionally, Sasuke could also be present. Maybe he and Naruto have some sort of rivalry - based training where they both push each other to improve their sage - related skills.
The toads from Mount Myōboku are also very common characters in 'naruto sage training fanfiction'. They are an essential part of Naruto's original sage training. In fanfiction, they could have new roles or abilities. For example, the Great Toad Sage could give Naruto a special prophecy or task that is related to his further sage training and development.
Obviously, Naruto is the central character. But there are also often other characters like Jiraiya. Since Jiraiya was Naruto's mentor in the original story and had knowledge about sage mode, he often appears in fanfics to guide Naruto in his training. Another common character could be Kakashi. He may offer some advice or support to Naruto during the training process.
Hinata could also be a common character. She may try to help Naruto secretly, or be heartbroken by his banishment and strive to change the village's decision. Another character could be Kakashi. He might be one of the few who believe in Naruto's innocence and try to find a way to bring him back to the village.
Iruka - sensei is a character that can show up. Since he was important in Naruto's life, he could play a role in the girl's upbringing too. He might help with her education in the ninja academy. Also, the Akatsuki members could be antagonists in some stories. Their actions might force Naruto to protect the girl more fiercely, and this would drive the plot forward as Naruto battles against them to keep the girl safe.
Sasuke could be a common character. He might be in a situation where he has to choose between helping Naruto or following the village's orders when Naruto is on the run.
Sakura can also be a common character. She could be worried about Naruto and try to find him. Maybe she has her own reasons for wanting to bring him back, like her feelings for him or her loyalty to the village.
Kakashi could be a key character in the fanfiction. As Naruto's former teacher, he could provide guidance and set up the extreme training regimens for Naruto. Also, characters like Jiraiya might be present. Since he trained Naruto in the original series, he could play an important role in this extreme training scenario, perhaps teaching Naruto some advanced toad - related techniques.
Gaara could be one of the characters. He has a bond with Naruto and if Naruto is against Konoha, Gaara might get involved to help Naruto or at least try to mediate. Shikamaru is another likely character. His intelligence would make him a key figure in trying to understand Naruto's motives and also in devising strategies for Konoha. Hinata might be involved as well, because of her feelings for Naruto. She might try to protect Naruto from Konoha's attacks.
Jiraiya is another character that could be present. As Naruto's mentor, he would be concerned about Naruto getting the cursed seal. He might try to find a way to remove it or at least teach Naruto how to manage it without losing himself. Jiraiya's vast knowledge of ninja arts could play a crucial role in Naruto's struggle with the cursed seal.
Tenten could be one of the characters. She could be Naruto's friend and also have a bit of a crush on him. Ino might also be present, using her mind - related jutsu to try and understand the complex relationships in the harem. Rock Lee could show up too, providing some comical relief and also being Naruto's loyal friend in the midst of all the relationship chaos.
Kakashi could also be a character in 'naruto and naruko harem fanfiction'. He can be the mentor figure, guiding Naruto and Naruko through different situations. His wisdom can influence how the harem relationships develop, for example, by giving Naruto advice on how to handle multiple relationships in a proper way.