Discussion on the effectiveness of the management of cultural relics in museum collections

The management of cultural relics was a vital and complicated task, involving many considerations. I. Current Situation of Collection Management 1. ** Protection facilities ** - Many of the museum collections were poorly protected and lacked suitable storage. The management equipment was old, and the storage environment of the collection was not good. It was dirty, messy, and small, unable to meet the storage and display needs. In such an environment, the collection was easily affected by a variety of natural factors such as earthquakes, wind, thunder, electricity, insects, tides, dust, etc., resulting in serious natural damage. 2. ** Protecting funds ** - As a non-profit public welfare institution, the museum faced the dilemma of having little funds for collection management but many projects. The financial support was small, and there was not much income from their own operations and management, but the management expenditure was greater than the income. This made many management systems and equipment unable to be updated and perfected in time. 3. ** Protection technology ** - The lack of museum management technology led to the lack of necessary protection measures and programs for many collections. Collection management often only stopped at the basic stage of statistics, and it was difficult to effectively solve other problems, resulting in the disappearance of collections. 4. ** Protection system ** - The lack of a complete collection protection system resulted in the lack of constraints on the positions and individuals in the management work, and the division of labor was not clear. This could easily lead to negligence in management and a lack of responsibility and awareness for the protection of the collection. II. The importance and objectives of collection management 1. ** Important ** - The collection was the material foundation for the museum to carry out its business activities and the embodiment of the museum's existence value. Only by doing a good job in the management of the collection could the museum's social functions be fully utilized. 2. [Target] - Accurately identify the value of the collection, ensure the safety of the collection, and give full play to the role of the collection. This required the management method to be scientific and rigorous, but also simple and easy to implement, to achieve a sound system, clear accounts, accurate identification, detailed inventory, proper storage, easy to check and use. III. Modification measures 1. ** Capital investment and facility construction ** - Increasing capital investment was the key to improving the collection protection facilities and management system. According to the relevant regulations, museum collections should have fixed and dedicated warehouses. The warehouse construction and storage equipment should conform to the principle of economy and practicality on the premise of ensuring safety. 2. ** System construction and management standards ** - It was necessary to establish a sound management system, clarify the responsibilities of each position and personnel, and carry out scientific and standardized management of the collection management work, such as receiving, selecting, sorting, grading, recording, Catching, filing, storage, safekeeping, use, write off, statistics, and other tasks. 3. ** Upgrade technology and protection ability ** - To improve the collection protection technology, formulate a scientific protection plan, and avoid natural and man-made damage to the collection, it was necessary to protect and manage the collection in an all-round way. In short, the management of cultural relics collections needed to be improved and perfected in many aspects, such as facilities, funds, technology, and systems, in order to adapt to the requirements of the new era for the protection, management, and utilization of collections, and to better display the value of cultural relics collections. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

The preservation and management of cultural relics in the historical building museum involved many aspects. ** 1. Management ** 1. ** Establishing and perfecting the collection policy ** - Most historical building museum management systems were not perfect and lacked specific legal guidance, so it was crucial to improve the collection management system. For the county-level historical building museum, although it was small in scale, had few staff, and lacked funds, there were rules to follow when formulating policies. - It was clear that the purpose of the museum was to serve the public, and the value of the museum's cultural relics and the purpose of opening it to the public. An overview of the collection, a description of the items and the collection, and an explanation of the items of special significance. - To determine the collection policy, including the clear definition of the collection scope, method, authority, etc., to master the collection procedures of cultural relics and strictly supervise the removal of cultural relics. - Carefully handle the donation of cultural relics, whether it was public property or private property. For cultural relics that were not to be lent out, if they were to be lent out, regulations must be established to specify the time of lending, the charging standard (if any), and the transportation and insurance of cultural relics must be approved. There should also be regulations on borrowing items (such as borrowing cultural relics from the exhibition hall for temporary exhibition). For the temporary storage of cultural relics (such as in the transition period of donation or appraisal), policies should be formulated to protect cultural relics in all aspects. 2. ** Perfection of the Cultural Relics Protection Management System ** - The implementation of the responsibility investigation system, leading officials in accordance with the management system of cultural relics protection management work one by one to pursue responsibility, improve the management personnel's thinking and understanding. - Regular inspection and management mode was adopted. The management personnel had to ensure that the environment and security system of the cultural relics were in good condition during the closing and opening periods. - A registration system was adopted to ensure the safety of cultural relics, reduce the possibility of accidents and theft, and improve the cultural relic file registration system. Other staff members needed permission from the leader to deal with cultural relics, and when registering the detailed information of cultural relics, they had to record the appearance information and take photos for filing. 3. ** Collection Management Details ** - Collection and selection of collections: The collection will be selected according to the nature of the museum. For example, a revolutionary historical museum will select collections that are in line with the revolutionary period and have symbolic significance. During the collection, the collection should be supplemented according to the weak links in the museum collection field to make the collection system complete. Experts were responsible for the selection of the collection, and the collection of cultural relics was graded according to the national cultural relics rules. - ** Collection Registration and Catastrophe **: After collection, the collection must be registered and listed, and a complete registration account must be established, such as the Collection Registration General ledger, the Borrowed Items Registration account, and the Duplication Registration account. The account book had to indicate the date, the source of the collection, the size, the texture, the source, and so on. One cultural relic corresponded to a number. Several cultural relics could not have the same number. Similar collections had to be classified. Special historical relics were kept separately and kept separately. The catalog should reflect the main features of the collection for easy preservation and search. ** 2. Preservation ** 1. ** Preserve the principles ** - Safe and clean cultural relics, two floors inside and outside. 2. ** The influencing factors of preservation and countermeasures ** - The preservation of cultural relics in historical buildings was affected by factors such as environment, funding, and the importance of the government. The county-level museum has a large number of cultural relics, but the preservation and exhibition conditions are relatively poor. Cultural relics of different materials (such as oil paintings, clothes, glass, carpets, bronzes, books, photos, etc.) needed different preservation methods. 3. ** Perfection of hardware conditions ** - The museum should improve the space conditions for the protection and management of cultural relics, such as building a separate restoration room and archive storage room for cultural relics. At the same time, he focused on the improvement of basic equipment such as ventilation, light, temperature and humidity control system to ensure that cultural relics were stored under constant temperature and humidity conditions. According to the nature of cultural relics, the lighting equipment of the warehouse should be selected reasonably. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

The following are some of the relevant standards and specifications for the management of cultural relics in the collection: 1. The Regulations on the Management of Museum Collection (Ministry of Culture, June 19, 1986, Wen Wu Zi [1986] No. 730), which clarified the general principles related to the management of museum collection. For example, if the collection is a precious national treasure, the museum should collect the collection according to its own nature and mission, and the collection should be classified into different grades. The museum has various responsibilities for the collection, etc. At present, the measures were being revised. In 2022, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage started the revision work, aiming to improve the standard, regulation and refinement level of collection management, so that it could be connected with the current laws and regulations and adapt to the practice and development trend of collection management in the new era. 2. The Regulations on Information Index System of Museum Collection was used to formulate the regulations for the classification and catalog of collections and to form the standards for the management of museum collections. In addition, there were also relevant work specifications issued by the State Administration of Cultural Relics, which could be used to update or adjust the collection information management index system. At different times, different departments also issued notices related to the management of cultural relics collections, such as the "Notice on Collecting the First batch of Industrial Culture Digital Collection Materials" issued by the Industrial Culture Development Center. These notices also affected the management of specific types of cultural relics to a certain extent. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

Cultural relics could add a unique cultural atmosphere and memorable meaning to the wedding. For example, Wang Dun, a collector in Baoding, regarded his collection as an important existence. He even wanted to hold a wedding ceremony with his collection. This was his memorial and affectionate confession to his collection. There was also a wedding held in a hotel by the river in Wuchang. The bride's father, as a collector, brought 40 porcelain collections from the Han Dynasty to the early 1950s to the wedding, making the wedding like an antique exhibition. In addition, there was also a wedding held at the Zhicheng Museum. The couple used all kinds of old-fashioned aristocratic furniture, antique clocks, mechanical instruments, and other antique collections to decorate the venue. They chose a retro dark green color to match the large retro red wall in the museum to create a unique wedding atmosphere. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

The following are some of the more well-known Hakka cultural relics museum: - Ganzhou Hakka Cultural Relics Museum, founded in 2004, is located on the third floor of the Fine Arts College of Jiangxi Normal University. The exhibition hall, reception, and storeroom covered an area of more than 1,000 square meters, and the collection of cultural relics was more than 15,000 pieces (sets). The collection included eight series of Hakka architectural wood carvings, stone (brick) carvings, plaque, porcelain, clothing, furniture, family (clan) records, and printed carvings. There were national precious cultural relics. It was the largest Hakka cultural relics museum in China, playing an important supporting role in the research of Hakka studies and folklore in China. It is open from 9:00 to 17:00 from Monday to Friday, except for legal holidays. Take bus No. 112 and No. 117 to the Golden Campus of the Normal University and walk 300 meters west. - China Hakka Museum: The collection of waterwheel kiln porcelain, famous paintings and calligraphy, etc., has been assessed by the expert group of the provincial cultural relics appraisal station. Three pieces/set have been assessed as first-class cultural relics (two green glazed double-series pots of the Tang waterwheel kiln and a 1978 autumn scenery of Lin Fengmian), eight pieces/set of third-class cultural relics, and 10 pieces/set of general cultural relics. - The Zhengzhou Zhanshi Hakka Culture Museum was located in an alley at the intersection of East and West Main Streets in Zhengzhou. It was founded in 2014 by the director of Chaozhou Hakka in Guangdong Province, who had set up a business in Zhengzhou for more than ten years. It was open to the public for free. There were a total of four basic exhibition halls, displaying a variety of Hakka culture and art through Hakka furniture, porcelain, contract books and other cultural relics, including the origin of Hakka, the grand occasion of the Ming Dynasty's Silk Road on the Sea, the microcosm of Hakka life culture, as well as the atmosphere of the reception room and guest room. - Kaohsiung City Hakka Museum: It was the largest Hakka museum in Taiwan. It occupied a large area and was built with red tiles and glazed tiles. It was similar to the architecture of the mainland Hakka. The museum has an exhibition area, an office, a large conference hall, etc. It focuses on the exhibition of Hakka cultural relics and occasionally holds Hakka cultural activities to study Hakka traditional customs. It will be open tomorrow from 9:00 to 17:00. The novel "Gilded Palm" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!

There were many types of cultural relics in the Forbidden City's warehouse. In the process of the cultural relics of the Forbidden City moving south, it was known that the cultural relics transported from the Forbidden City included more than 9000 paintings and calligraphy, more than 7000 pieces of porcelain, more than 2600 pieces of bronzes, bronze mirrors, and bronze seals, countless jade articles, and 3773 boxes of documents, including the archives of the Qing court collected by the imperial historian and the inner government, the imperial records of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, daily life notes, and the historical materials of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. There were also the Siku Quanshu and various rare books and engraved copies. At that time, one of the earliest printed works discovered in China was the fifth generation edition of the Dharani Sutra, and the oldest stone carving in China was the Qiyang Stone Drum. These cultural relics reflected the richness of the cultural relics in the Forbidden City and were the precious cultural wealth of the Forbidden City. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

In recent years, many universities had added majors related to cultural relics and museum. For example, Heze University's application for the undergraduate major of cultural relics and museum studies was successfully approved. It planned to recruit 40 students and recruit students in the province. Hunan Normal University newly established the major of cultural relics and museum studies. All of these were to adapt to the development needs of modern cultural relics and museum industry, respond to the national strategic policy, and strengthen the cultivation of outstanding talents in literature and art. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

The Pingyuan Museum collected more than 30,000 sets of cultural relics, especially bronze ware, ancient calligraphy and painting, Buddha statues, stone inscriptions and rubbings, etc. The number of cultural relics above the level was among the best in all cities in the province. Among them, six precious cultural relics were rated as "treasures of the town hall", namely Niu Shoujue, Huo Junxiao, Zhao Mengfu's running calligraphy axis, Zheng Banqiao ink bamboo stone orchid painting axis, Dehua kiln white glaze Guanyin sitting statue, Guan Gong bronze statue, etc. Niu Shoujue, also known as the bronze jue of 'Fei Fu', was unearthed in Chuqiu, Hui County in 1952. It was a bronze ware of the late Shang Dynasty and was part of the' Fei Fu'. In addition to the jue cup, there were also tripod, Gui, Zun, You and other objects. The jue is wide and flowing, with a sharp tail, a round drum at the bottom, a triangular pyramid at the foot, and a cover. The top of the lid is decorated with a cow's head, the top of the lid is decorated with a dragon pattern and a semi-circular ring, and the belly is decorated with a taotie pattern. The words 'Fei Fu' are cast inside the lid. It is rare to see a lidded jue, so this jue is extremely precious. The Green Jade Owl of the Shang Dynasty was a three-dimensional round sculpture. The jade material was Hetian bluish-white jade. The whole body was decorated with patterns. The chest, wings, head and back were decorated with feather patterns and cloud patterns. The cutting skills were concise and skillful, the lines were natural and smooth, and the design was quite ingenious. It was a national first-class cultural relic. The bronze statue of Guan Yu was a cultural relic of the Ming Dynasty. It was 172 cm high, 118 cm wide and weighed 578 kg. The statue was huge in size, exquisite in casting, and unique in shape. It was rare in the country. It was highly realistic, and its size and appearance were basically the same as a real person's. It was rare in the country. Guan Yu was wearing a scarf on his head with a belt hanging down his shoulders. His face was square and wide, with thick eyebrows. His phoenix-like eyes were slightly closed, his nose was high, and his long beard was floating in front of his chest. He wore armor, tiger head to protect his abdomen and shoulders, and a knot at his waist that naturally hung down. He wore a battle skirt and battle boots. His left hand was placed on his thigh in a palm position, and his right hand was placed on his right leg in a fist position, perfectly displaying Guan Yu's majestic image of loyalty. This statue had a unique origin. After many twists and turns, it was collected in the Pingyuan Museum. Moreover, Guan Yu had multiple cultural meanings in folk culture, such as the God of Wealth. Zhao Mengfu's semi-cursive scroll and Zheng Banqiao's ink bamboo and stone orchid scroll were treasures of ancient calligraphy and painting. The white glazed Guanyin sitting statue of Dehua kiln was also one of the treasures of the museum. These cultural relics reflected the social system, social production, and social life of different periods, displaying the brilliance and splendor of Chinese culture. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

There were on-the-job graduate students applying for the major of cultural relics and museum. Cultural relics and museum majors were included in the professional master's degree enrollment. Master of Cultural Relics and Museum (code 0651). Different institutions had their own enrollment situation. For example, the former National Cultural Relics and Museum Professional Degree Postgraduate Education Guidance Committee was located in the Department of Cultural Relics and Museology of Fudan University. There were also institutions such as the People's University of China, Chifeng University, Shandong University, Zhengzhou University, Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts, etc., which also had enrollment related to cultural relics and museum majors. If an on-the-job employee wanted to apply for a graduate student in this major, he or she needed to pay attention to the enrollment requirements, examination content, and other relevant information of each university. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

Different halls of fame had different relics. For example, the Hangzhou Celebrity Memorial Hall preserved the national first-class cultural relic, the Cemetery List of the Dead Soldiers of the 19th Route Army written by Mr. Zhang Taiyan; There were more than 30000 cultural relics in the Zhucheng City, including more than 50 national first-class cultural relics, 65 second-class cultural relics, and 383 third-class cultural relics. The collection was complete, including production tools and daily utensils that reflected the development of social productivity, primitive characters and paintings that expressed human civilization, exquisite bronze ware, a wide variety of pottery, exquisite porcelain, various cultural works of art, decorations, stone statues, local documents, historical records, etc. Among them, the collection of fine works include the Eagle Beak Pot, Xuande Big Bowl, etc. In addition, the Wenzhou Mathematics Hall of Fame displayed the life stories, academic achievements, and related cultural relics of Wenzhou mathematicians since the late Qing Dynasty, but the specific cultural relics were not mentioned. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>