China's Manned Space Development Strategy

The development of China's manned space flight began in the early 1970s. After the Dongfanghong-1 satellite was launched, the development of various communication satellites began. After the 1980s, it had the ability to develop and launch satellites for a variety of applications. In 1992, China's manned spaceflight project was launched and a three-step development strategy was established. The goal was to send astronauts into space, build a space station, and carry out scientific research. On October 15 - 16, 2003, Yang Liwei took the Shenzhou V spacecraft to orbit 14 times. It lasted 21 hours and 23 minutes. China became the third country in the world to send humans into space. After that, he gradually realized the leap from unmanned flight to manned flight, from one person a day to many people a day, from in-cabin experiments to extra-cabin activities, from single-ship flight to space station sky survey. On December 31, 2022, the China Space Station was fully completed. In February 2024, the new generation of manned spacecraft was named " Dream Boat," and the lunar lander was named " Moon." On April 25, the Shenzhou 18 manned spacecraft was successfully launched. On October 30, the Shenzhou 19 manned spacecraft was launched. After the Shenzhou 18 and Shenzhou 19 astronauts completed the on-orbit rotation, the Shenzhou 18 astronauts returned on November 4. It was also planned to carry out three missions in 2025: Shenzhou 20, Shenzhou 21, and Tianzhou 9. China's manned space flight had taken more than 30 years to surpass the development process of developed countries for half a century. It had become the third country in the world after Russia and the United States to independently master manned space technology, independently carry out space experiments, and independently carry out extraterrestrial activities. The novel " Hundred Years of Spaceship " is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!

On September 21,1992, the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee approved the implementation of China's manned spaceflight project according to the "three-step" development strategy. The first step was to launch a manned spacecraft, build a preliminary experimental manned spacecraft project, and carry out space application experiments. The second step was to break through the technology of astronauts 'extraterrestrial activities and the rendezvous and docking technology of spacecraft, launch a space laboratory, and solve the space application problem of a certain scale and short-term care. The third step was to build a space station to solve the problem of large-scale space applications with long-term care. On October 15, 2003, China successfully launched its first manned spacecraft,"Shenzhou V", and successfully landed on October 16. This marked that China became the third country to master manned space technology after the United States and Russia. China's manned spaceflight project involved many systems, such as manned spacecraft, launch vehicles, spacecraft launch sites and recovery facilities, space measurement and control networks, and sometimes other ground support. There was continuous progress in rendezvous and docking technology. From the first automatic rendezvous and docking between the Shenzhou-8 spacecraft and Tiangong-1 in 44 hours in 2011 to the three-hour rendezvous and docking mode of the Tianzhou-7 cargo spacecraft in 2024. The three-hour mode reduced the requirements for rocket orbit conditions, precision measurement and control, and improved the flexibility and reliability of mission execution. It also marked the maturity and leadership of China's rendezvous and docking technology. China's launch vehicle technology was also constantly developing. For example, the Long March 7 Yao-9 launch vehicle had a low-Earth orbit carrying capacity of 14 tons. It was the basic model of China's new generation of medium-sized launch vehicles, which could meet the orbit accuracy requirements of the Tianzhou cargo spacecraft and the operating space station. Moreover, the Chang-7 rocket team continued to improve the product and process reliability, and also set up backup arrows to ensure the normal operation of the space station. The Tianzhou cargo spacecraft transported cargo for the space station, replenished the propellants, brought back waste, and supported space science experiments. For example, the Tianzhou-8 cargo spacecraft carried living supplies, platform equipment, propellants, and scientific payloads that could support three astronauts in orbit for nine months. There were also holiday gift bags and customized birthday gift bags. It had the ability to launch every day, and it also increased the cargo loading capacity through various means. It was also the first time to carry the " lunar soil brick " for space exposure experiments. At present, China's manned lunar exploration project plans to achieve manned landing on the moon by 2030, carry out lunar scientific exploration and related technical experiments, break through and master key technologies such as manned land-moon round-trip, short-term lunar surface stay, man-machine joint exploration, and complete multiple missions such as "landing, patrol, mining, research, and return". The Long March 10 launch vehicle, the Dream Boat manned spacecraft, the lunar lander, the lunar landing spacesuit, Manned lunar rover and other vehicles were carrying out prototype production and related ground tests as planned. The novel " Hundred Years of Spaceship " is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!

China's manned space project plans to carry out three missions in 2025: Shenzhou 20, Shenzhou 21, and Tianzhou 9. The novel " Hundred Years of Spaceship " is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!

China's manned spaceflight project was officially launched in 1992, codenamed Project 921, and proposed a three-step strategy. In the early exploration phase, from 1999 to 2002, Shenzhou I to IV successfully carried out four unmanned missions, laying a solid foundation for manned flight. In 2003, Yang Liwei completed China's first manned space flight on Shenzhou V, which flew 14 times in orbit. From then on, until 2012, Shenzhou 6, 7, and 9 had three manned flights, as well as the rendezvous and docking mission between Shenzhou 8 and Tiangong 1. They had successively broken through and mastered key technologies such as heaven and earth round-trip, space extra-cabin, rendezvous and docking. At present, China's manned spaceflight project had entered the stage of space station application and development. On October 30,2024, Shenzhou 19 manned spacecraft was successfully launched. The astronauts who carried out this mission were composed of Cai Xuzhe, Song Lingdong and Wang Haoze, among which Song Lingdong and Wang Haoze were the first "post-90s" to carry out the mission. After the spacecraft entered orbit, it would perform an autonomous rapid rendezvous and docking with the space station assembly according to the predetermined procedure. The Shenzhou 19 astronauts would rotate with the Shenzhou 18 astronauts in orbit. During their working life on the space station, the Shenzhou 19 astronauts would carry out experiments and applications in many fields and complete many tasks. In terms of manned moon landing, the lunar exploration project was approved by the central government in 2023. The overall goal was to achieve a China landing on the moon by 2030. A lot of progress had been made in 2024, such as the new generation of manned spacecraft named "Dream Boat" on February 24, and the lunar lander named "Lanyue"; On June 14, the first sub-level power system test of the Long March 10 series of launch vehicles; On July 23, the Long March 10 three-stage liquid hydrogen liquid oxygen engine YF -75E completed the long-range high-altitude simulation test; On September 28, the appearance of the lunar landing suit was unveiled for the first time; On October 29, the press conference of Shenzhou 19 manned mission announced the comprehensive airdrop of the Dream Boat manned spacecraft, the separation of the two cabins of the moon landing device, and the entry of the manned lunar rover into the initial prototype development stage. In November, the Long March 10 series of launch vehicles successfully completed the fairing separation test. On the 21st, the Manned Space Engineering Office announced the separation test picture of the initial product of the moon landing device and the initial product picture of the Dream Boat manned spacecraft. At present, the manned lunar exploration project had fully entered the initial prototype development stage. The initial prototype products such as the Long March 10 launch vehicle, the Dream Boat manned spacecraft, the lunar lander, and the manned lunar rover were in the process of intense development. Some products had been developed and tested. The novel " Hundred Years of Spaceship " is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!

The following are the plans related to the development of manned spacecraft in some countries: - ** China **: By October 30, 2024, the Shenzhou 19 manned spacecraft had been successfully launched. Moreover, China had always placed the safety of astronauts at the top of its priority. In extreme cases, astronauts could return in advance on an on-orbit spacecraft or launch an emergency spacecraft on standby for rescue. For example, the Long March 2F Yao-20 launch vehicle and the Shenzhou 20 manned spacecraft were on standby in the Jiuquan launch center assembly plant to perform space station emergency rescue missions. - South Korea: On November 30, 2022, the South Korean government released the fourth basic space development plan, proposing the vision of sending manned spacecraft into space by 2050. It also proposed five major tasks for the development of the space industry, namely, expanding the scope of space exploration, sending manned spacecraft into space, laying out the space industry, maintaining space security, and conducting space science research. South Korea also planned to cultivate the space industry ecosystem by 2030 and develop the space industry into one of the country's top ten major industries by 2050; to continuously develop and launch vehicles to enhance space technology; to independently establish space and ground security support systems by 2030; and to actively conduct space science research by 2030 to contribute to the growth of human space knowledge. - ** India **: The Indian Space Research Organization (Isro) announced plans to send a manned spacecraft into Earth orbit for the first time in 2025, becoming the fourth country in the world to independently complete manned space flight. From a historical perspective, the escape system of manned spaceships was constantly evolving. The original Vostok 1 spacecraft of the Soviet Union used the Ejection Seat to escape, but there were many limitations. Merika's Mercury spacecraft was the first to use a more scientific escape tower. The escape tower had become the mainstream escape method for manned spaceships, and it had been continuously developed and proven to be effective. When the Russian Federation's Ms - 10 spacecraft had an accident during the launch, after the escape tower was separated and abandoned, the high-altitude escape rocket on the fairing of the spacecraft played a role in pushing the spacecraft and the faulty rocket to separate and fly away from the danger zone. The Gemini spacecraft of the United States had tried many combinations of escape methods, but they were not ideal. The novel "Hundred Years of Spaceship" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!

China's first manned spacecraft, Shenzhou V, was launched on October 15, 2003. The novel " Hundred Years of Spaceship " is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!

China had successfully launched many manned spaceships. In 2003, Yang Liwei completed China's first manned space flight on Shenzhou V, which flew 14 times in orbit. Since then, Shenzhou 6, 7, 9 (launched on June 16, 2012) and other manned spacecraft were also successfully launched. At 9:31:10 on May 30,2023, the Shenzhou 16 manned spacecraft was successfully launched. At 4:27 on October 30,2024, the Shenzhou 19 manned spacecraft was launched. About 10 minutes later, it successfully separated from the rocket and entered the predetermined orbit. The astronauts who carried out this mission were composed of Cai Xuzhe, Song Lingdong and Wang Haoze, among which Song Lingdong and Wang Haoze were the first "post-90s" to carry out the mission. The novel "Hundred Years of Spaceship" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!

The following is a review of China's manned spacecraft: On October 15, 2003, the Shenzhou V manned spacecraft was launched. Yang Liwei took the spacecraft into space. This was an epoch-making moment in the history of China's manned space flight. The spacecraft orbited 14 times in 21 hours and 23 minutes. During this period, Yang Liwei carried out many tasks and checked the various systems of the spacecraft. Finally, the return capsule landed safely in the central grassland of Inner Mongolia on October 16, 2003. On October 12, 2005, the Shenzhou VI manned spacecraft was ignited and launched. Astronauts Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng began China's first multi-person, multi-day manned flight journey. Fei Junlong was responsible for the key operations, and Nie Haisheng assisted and took part in the mission. They also conducted a number of scientific experiments. The flight lasted 115 hours and 32 minutes. In 2008, the "Shenzhou VII" manned spacecraft was successfully launched. Zhai Zhigang carried out a spacewalk mission, which was the first spacewalk in China's aerospace history. On September 16,2021, after the "Shenzhou 12" manned spacecraft, China's manned space project continued to develop, continuously pushing astronauts into space to carry out missions and carry out scientific experiments. At 4:27 on October 30,2024, the Shenzhou 19 manned spacecraft was successfully launched. Astronauts Cai Xuzhe, Song Lingdong and Wang Haoze entered space. After the spacecraft entered orbit, it would carry out autonomous and rapid rendezvous and docking with the space station assembly according to the predetermined procedures. It would also rotate in orbit with the Shenzhou 18 astronauts. During the working and living period of the space station, it would carry out multi-field experiments and applications to perform various tasks. The novel " Hundred Years of Spaceship " is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!

China's first self-designed and self-integrated manned submarine was the Jiaolong. The research and development work began in 2002, and the assembly was completed on September 1, 2007. In August 2009, the 1000-meter and 3000-meter sea trials were carried out. On June 27, 2012, the diving depth reached 7062 meters, creating the world's largest diving depth record for similar operational submarines. It could build a stable and reliable platform for scientists to explore the deep sea and study the deep sea. It was 8.2 meters long, 3.0 meters wide, and 3.4 meters high. It weighed no more than 22 tons, had a maximum load of 240 kilograms, a maximum speed of 25 nautical miles per hour, and a cruising speed of 1 nautical mile per hour. It could carry three people, and its designed maximum diving depth was 7000 meters. It could move freely in the sea area that occupied 99.8% of the world's ocean area. The Jiaolong manned submarine system included the main body system, the surface support system, the mother ship modification system, and the submarine training system. It had three major technological breakthroughs: near-bottom automatic navigation, deep-sea hovering positioning, and high-speed underwater sound communication. The novel "Hundred Years of Spaceship" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!

I recommend a few super interesting novels. "From the Undesirable to the Unconquerable Heavens" was a novel written by Chestnut Ah-Tang. The male protagonist, Shen Yu, could travel through the world and had a random cheat. The world of the bad guys had a god-level selection system. Different choices had different rewards. There were also worlds like Battle Break and Douluo that were extremely exciting. "100% Drop Rate: Starting from Awakening Divine Luck" was a game novel written by a web novel. After Su Jing was reborn, his talent had been upgraded. His drop rate was 100%. He relied on god-level luck to save the human race. "The Idiot Players in the Ghost Valley" was a Xianxia novel written by the Great Demon King. The main character, Zhang San, summoned the idiotic players. The funny plot was endless. "Air Travel of a Great Country" was a military novel written by the hero of East China. Test pilot Qin Feng witnessed the take-off of the fighter jet and showed the development of aviation from the perspective of a test pilot. 'Narration of the Three Kingdoms: Total Collapse' was a historical novel written by The World Doesn't Know Jun. The narration made the story of the Three Kingdoms collapse. It was very interesting. The novel "Hundred Years of Spaceship" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!