The Origin and History of Yunnan

The indigenous people of Yunnan were ethnic minorities, mainly including the Yi, Hani, Dai, Bai, etc. Their origins could be traced back to the Yongzheng period in ancient times. They had lived in Yunnan since the late Neoliths. They had established ancient kingdoms such as Nanzhao and Dali, which had a profound impact on the lives and cultural development of local residents. The Han people in Yunnan were not indigenous. They had migrated from other places in different historical periods. As early as 221 - 217 B.C., Qin Shihuang sent people to build Wuchi Road and set up officials. These people settled down and reproduced along the way. This was probably the first batch of Han people to enter Yunnan. During the Three Kingdoms, Jin, and Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Han immigrants developed into "Nanzhong big surnames" and became big families. Shu Han, Eastern Jin, Song, Qi, Liang, Chen and other political powers had to rely on Han Nanzhong big surnames and Yi Shuai to rule Yunnan. During this period, Yi and Han merged. During the Yuan Dynasty, some Han people entered Yunnan with the Mongolians and Hui people. In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang sent generals to lead troops from Yingtian Prefecture in Nanjing to Yunnan. After the pacification, the army was stationed. Later, the population moved into Yunnan many times, and the immigration reached 1.5 million. After the Qing Dynasty, Han people came to Yunnan to do business, survive, and develop.

The origins of the people of Yunnan were rather complicated. From the perspective of historical development, the ethnic composition of Yunnan has experienced a long process of evolution. In ancient times, there were six imperial edicts in Yunnan at the end of the Sui Dynasty and the beginning of the Tang Dynasty. Among them, Mengshe Zhao unified Yunnan with the support of the Tang Dynasty and established the Nanzhao Kingdom. Later, the Nanzhao Kingdom and the Tang Dynasty had conflicts. After a series of changes, it was replaced by the Dali Kingdom in the late Tang Dynasty. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Mongol army conquered the Dali Kingdom. During the Yuan Dynasty, the emperor's grandson Ganmala was appointed as the King of Liang to rule Yunnan. The Ming Dynasty also conquered Yunnan. From the perspective of ethnic migration, the ancestors of more than 20 modern ethnic groups such as the Yi, Bai, and Dai ethnic groups in Yunnan were mostly ancient ethnic groups that were once active in the periphery of the Han nationality. These ancient ethnic groups included the Diqiang ethnic group from the northwest, the Baiyue ethnic group from the south, the Pu ethnic group from the Han River, the Shu people from the Sichuan Basin, and the Chu people from Hubei. After they lost the competition for survival resources, they went south to find suitable dams and river valleys in Yunnan to recuperate. Yunnan's geographical environment, such as the Hengduan Mountains in western Yunnan and the plateau and mountainous areas in eastern Yunnan, was isolated by mountains and rivers. It not only blocked the Han Dynasty's deep rule, but also allowed various ethnic groups to reproduce in relatively isolated environments, evolving colorful folk cultures according to different living environments. In addition, the formation of the Hui people in Yunnan was related to the Mongolian army going south. When the Mongols fought, they brought the Semu people, including the Hui people, south. After the war, some people stayed in Yunnan and integrated with the locals.

One Piece: The Most Flesh Sword Hero Is Too Hardcore. It was a light novel written by Qiu Shangyu. The male protagonist, Long Qi, was 18 years old and 310cm tall. He was the most ferocious sword hero on the surface. He wanted to challenge Yim. There was also Tian Yueshi and Annie Walker. " Marvel: Obtaining Skills from Watching Movies " was not bad either. It was written with Wind's handwriting. The male protagonist, Li Yuan, was 22 years old and 190cm tall. He also had the super interesting character, Wealth, who loved to eat and sleep. The male supporting roles, Will John and John Constantine, also had their own unique characteristics. "Qianlong: Qing Dynasty?" Where is my Qing Dynasty?" It was a wonderful historical novel written by Mr. Mumumu. The male protagonist, Zhu Daohua, was 25 years old and 179cm tall. After being hunted down by the Qing Dynasty, he rebelled and restored the Ming Dynasty. " Golden Flower " was an ancient romance novel written by an oil lamp. The story took place in Dali during the reign of Emperor Kangxi. A woman went to a small border town to experience a different style. " The Two-faced Life Stealer " was a short story written by Starry Wings. It revolved around strange files and murder cases, as well as mysterious elements such as doppelgangers and ghosts.

The origins of Yunnan natives were more complicated. From a historical point of view, the ancestors of more than 20 modern ethnic groups such as the Yi, Bai, and Dai ethnic groups in Yunnan were mostly ancient ethnic groups that were once active in the periphery of the Han nationality. After losing in the struggle for survival resources, these ancient races went south one after another to Yunnan in search of a suitable place to live. Among them, the Di and Qiang ethnic groups came from the northwest, the Baiyue ethnic groups came from the south, the Pu ethnic groups came from the Han River, and the Shu people from the Sichuan Basin and the Chu people from Hubei all gathered in Yunnan. They evolved different cultures in Yunnan. For example, the Yi people had a certain origin with the Qiang people of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Dai people had an inheritance relationship with the Di people, and the Zhuang people were related to the Yue people. At the end of the Sui Dynasty and the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, there were six powerful countries in Yunnan, known as the Six Zhao. With the support of the Tang Dynasty, Mengshe Zhao (Nanzhao) unified Yunnan. In the process of development before and after the Nanzhao Kingdom, various ethnic groups integrated and developed in Yunnan. After years of changes, they gradually formed the diverse ethnic composition of Yunnan today. After hundreds of years of integration with ethnic minorities, the Han people in Yunnan had also integrated the characteristics of many ethnic groups.

The ancient Dian Kingdom existed between 278 B.C. and 115 A.D. Its territory included parts of Yunnan Province, Guizhou Province and Sichuan Province. The origin of the ancient Dian Kingdom was related to the Chu Kingdom. After Zhuang Yan was ordered to conquer Dianchi Lake and other places, the Chu Kingdom was destroyed by the Qin Dynasty and the road to return to the country was cut off, so he stayed in Dianchi Lake and became the King of Dian. The political system and social structure of the ancient Dian Kingdom were complicated. There might be tribal alliances and hereditary systems. The ruler was called the King of Dian, and the way he was born might be hereditary or through other means. The economy was mainly based on agriculture and animal husbandry. At the same time, it also developed a certain degree of craftsmanship and commerce. Its culture had strong local characteristics, such as bronze ware, pottery, jade ware, stone carving, etc. The exquisite craftsmanship and unique shape of bronze ware were regarded as the "treasures of Dian culture". Religious beliefs mainly worshipped natural gods and ancestral gods, but there were also traces of primitive religion. Music was mainly based on percussion instruments, and dance forms were cheerful and unrestrained. In 109 B.C.(the second year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty), the Dian Kingdom surrendered to the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty gave the seal of the King of Dian, allowing the King of Dian to continue to manage his subjects and set up Yizhou Prefecture in the local area. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, with the promotion and consolidation of the county system and the migration of a large number of Han people, the ancient Dian Kingdom and the Dian people gradually disintegrated, merged, assimilated, and finally disappeared completely. However, the Records of the Historian had a brief record of the Dian Kingdom, and there were still many confusing parts of its history. The novel "The Legend of Dian Kingdom in Clouds as Deep as the Sea" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!

Rose was first differentiated from wild roses. It belonged to the same species of rose as rose and rose. Its origin could be traced back to the tertiary period of geological age, about 60 million years ago. This conclusion came from the leaf fossils of the original species of the Eocene rose found in Fushun area, Liaoning Province, China. In 1883, Oligocene-era rose fossils were discovered in the United States, and it also indicated that there were roses on Earth tens of millions of years ago. Roses were born in the northern part of China, North Korea, Japan, Russia and other parts of the northern hemisphere. In China, the history of rose cultivation could be traced back to the Han Dynasty more than 2000 years ago. The Xijing Miscellany mentioned that there was a "rose tree" planted in the Leyou Garden of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. However, the "rose" in the Records of the Historian and the First Aid Chapter written by Shi You of the Western Han Dynasty did not refer to flowers. It was probably named after the Han Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, poems on roses had mentioned the relationship between roses and Chinese roses. In foreign countries, roses were widely planted in ancient Babylon and ancient Greece. In ancient Greek architectural decorations, coin casting, and Crete murals, there were sculptures and paintings with roses as the theme. In the early years of the Christian era, when the Roman Empire was flourishing, the ancient Egyptians sold roses from Southwest Asia to Rome. After the 12th century, the rose planting industry rose in various European countries, and rose planting in Britain was particularly prominent. In the 13th century French fable, The Legend of the Rose, roses symbolized noble women. The War of the Roses (War of the Roses) took place in England between 1455 and 1485. The emblems of the two sides were red roses and white roses. Later, England used roses (actually ancient roses in Europe) as their national flower and changed the royal emblem to red and white roses. The cultivation of roses by the people of various countries had formed a huge family. At present, there were at least 16000 varieties of roses in the world. Among them, the hybrid tea rose was the offspring of four China rose varieties that were introduced to Europe in the second half of the 18th century and crossbred with local varieties. In terms of cultural significance, from ancient Greek mythology to medieval European Christian culture, and then to modern society, roses have always been given different symbolic meanings. In ancient Greek mythology, the story of the goddess Aphrodite made it a symbol of love and beauty. In medieval Europe, roses were called the "flower of the Virgin Mary", symbolizing loyalty, piety, and purity. In modern society, red roses became one of the most common ways to express love. "Hugging You in the Wind of the City" was equally exciting. Everyone was welcome to click and read it!

The formation of Mars was related to the formation of the solar system. The formation of the solar system began with a huge cloud of gas and dust consisting of gas (mainly hydrogen and some helium) and tiny dust particles, known as the solar nebula or the primitive nebula. The formation of Mars could be divided into four stages: 1. Dust accumulation stage: In the early stages of the solar system, a large amount of dust and gas clouds gradually gathered to form the original material of Mars. 2. Planet condensation stage: As the dust and matter further gathered, the core of Mars gradually formed. Its core was mainly composed of iron-Ni alloy, which played a decisive role in Mars 'lower density and smaller volume. 3. Planetary growth phase: After the core is formed, Mars begins to absorb the surrounding gas and dust, and its size gradually increases. This process continues for millions of years until it reaches its current size. 4. Atmospheric Formation Stage: During the growth of the planet, the surface temperature of Mars gradually rises, causing the frozen material to melt and release a large amount of gas. These gases gradually form the atmosphere of Mars. Planetary collisions also played an important role in the evolution of Mars. About four billion years ago, there were a large number of asteroids and comets in the solar system. They collided with Mars, which had a profound impact on the formation and evolution of Mars. Many giant craters and canyons on the surface of Mars might have been formed by the collision of debris. Regarding the origin of life on Mars and the relationship between Mars and Earth, some people believed that Mars might be the earliest planet in the solar system to have life. At least 4 billion years ago, life might have existed on Mars. There were also studies that suggested that life on Earth might have originated on Mars, for example, it might have been sent to Earth by Mars meteorites. The climate of Mars in ancient times may have been very habitable. From 3.5 billion years ago, Mars experienced a "great oxidization period." Through simulations, it was possible that there was a liquid ocean on Mars three billion years ago. The novel "Mars of Paradise" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to read it!

The origins of diving can be traced back to ancient Greece and Rome. At that time, diving was more for entertainment and religious rituals than competition. In the British Museum in London, there was a vase from 500 B.C. with a picture of a boy diving. This was the earliest recorded image of diving in human history. Some coastal countries and regions in the world had long had diving activities due to their unique geographical conditions. For example, in the early 16th century, there were records of fishermen and sailors diving in the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, and Scandinavia in the 17th century. The earliest records of diving in China could be traced back to the Biography of Zhou Chu in the Book of Jin. In the Tang Dynasty, it was recorded in Yin Yu Lu that Cao Zan had superb diving skills. He could jump into the water from a 100-foot-high mast without splashing. In the Song Dynasty, diving became a performance activity. The performers stood on the "water swing" device. When the swing reached the highest point, they jumped from the swing and rolled in the air before jumping into the water. Modern competitive diving originated in Germany in the 19th century and evolved from fancy diving. In 1900, diving was first introduced into the Olympic Games as a performance event, and in 1904, diving was listed as an official event in the third Olympic Games, with men's high diving and men's platform diving being set up. In the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, diving was listed as an official event for the first time, and there were many events for different age groups and gender groups. While watching the Olympics, you can also read the wonderful novels related to the Olympics!

The earliest known belt hook was the Liangzhu jade belt hook found in the ruins of Jinxing Village, Tudian Township, Tongxiang County, Zhejiang Province in 1972. At first, people thought that the belt hook originated from the Zhou Dynasty and was related to the Hu people, but the discovery of the jade belt hook in the Liangzhu culture overturned this view. There were many descriptions of hooks in ancient literature, the most famous of which was the historical story of Guan Zhong shooting the hook worn by Duke Huan of Qi with an arrow, and Duke Huan of Qi survived. According to historical records, the noble class of Qi had already used belt hooks in the early Spring and Autumn Period. From the Warring States Period to the Han Dynasty, the use of hooks was quite common, and many were unearthed and handed down. During this period, there were many kinds of hook making techniques, including wrapping gold, attaching gold, inlaid gold and silver, inlaid jade, turquoise, etc., and most of them were made of metal copper. Copper belt hook models could be divided into two major systems. One was based on the Central Plains, and the shape was mainly pipa and S-shaped. The other series was the belt hooks from Inner Mongolia, Hebei, and Liaoning. This kind of belt hook focused on the shape and had rich and colorful content. During the Western Han Dynasty, the hook belt reached its peak. In addition to bronze, there were also gold and jade. In ancient times, the belt hook was not only a practical item for daily use, but also a symbol of status. The patterns engraved on it, the material used, and the degree of refinement of the production could reflect the identity of the user. The belt hooks used by nobles and social celebrities were often inlaid with gold and jade. The production was exquisite and had a high level of craftsmanship and artistic value. The novel " Gilded Palm " is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!

The word "Flying Heavens" was first seen in the Eastern Wei Dynasty's Book of Luoyang Temple. In Buddhism,"Heaven" not only referred to the Heavenly Kingdom and the Heavenly Palace, but also the honorific title of the gods. The Chinese Buddhist scriptures used "Flying Heavens" to refer to the heavenly people in the Heavenly Palace who offered sacrifices to the heavenly people, worshiped Buddha, and performed music and dance. In Buddhism, Flying Heavens generally referred to Qiantapo and Jinnaro of the Eight Protectors. The two combined into the Dunhuang Flying Heavens of later generations, becoming the God of Heaven and Earth in Buddhism. The image of Flying Apsaras was spread to China by Buddhism from the Western Regions in the second year of Yongping of Emperor Ming of the Eastern Han Dynasty (59 AD). It spanned over the Northern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Yuan and other dynasties for more than 1,000 years. During the Wei, Jin, and Northern and Southern Dynasties, when Buddhism was first spread, the Flying Immortals in the murals were also called Flying Apsaras. From the Sixteen Kingdoms to the Northern Wei Dynasty, the image of the Flying Apsaras was deeply influenced by the Flying Apsaras of India and the Western Regions. With the development of Buddhism in China, the art of Buddhism and Taoism combined. The Sui Dynasty's Flying Apsaras had the most variations, with different styles. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the image of the Flying Apsaras reached its peak. Not only did they use Flying Apsaras in grottoes and monasteries, but they also used them in the emperor's bedroom. Dunhuang Feitian could be divided into four periods: early, middle, prosperous and late. The early period was the period of Beiliang, Northern Wei and Western Wei, which was the budding period of imitation. The shape of Beiliang Feitian was rough, heavy, thick and simple. The middle period was the period of Northern Zhou and Sui, which was in the period of transformation and creativity. The creation of Feitian in Sui Dynasty was vivid. The prosperous period was the early Tang Dynasty, the middle and late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. The basic image of Feitian was Bodhisattva costume and female figure. In the prosperous period, it was influenced by court dance and beautiful woman painting. The later period was the Song, Xixia, and Yuan periods, which were in the stylized stage and the decline period. The theme of the Song Dynasty murals was basically the same as that of the later Tang Dynasty, lacking innovation and momentum. Before the introduction of Buddhism in ancient China, because Taoism advocated nature, it was rare to carve images of destroying mountains and cracking stones. Flying Apsaras were often painted in the murals of the tomb to symbolize the soul of the owner of the tomb to ascend to heaven. There were scenes of immortals in the tombs of the Warring States Period and even earlier. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, the idea of immortals and the early spread of Taoism became more popular. After the introduction of Buddhism, it was integrated with Taoism. Although the hometown of the Flying Apsaras was in India, the Dunhuang Flying Apsaras was the result of the joint cultivation of Indian culture, Western Region culture, and Central Plains culture. It was a composite of many cultures. It did not have wings, feathers, or round light. It relied on the clouds instead of relying on them. It mainly relied on elegant dresses and flying ribbons to soar in the air. It was the creation of a genius China artist and a miracle in the history of world art. "Legend of the Flying Apsaras" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!