Chapter 1: The history of Islam
The history of Islam spans over 1,400 years and is a rich and diverse one. Here is a brief overview:
- Prophet Muhammad (570-632 CE): Received revelations from Allah (God) through the angel Gabriel, which were later compiled into the Quran.
- Early Muslim Community (632-656 CE): Led by the first four caliphs: Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali.
- Umayyad Caliphate (656-750 CE): Expanded Islamic rule beyond Arabia, established capital in Damascus.
- Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258 CE): Established capital in Baghdad, saw a golden age of Islamic culture and learning.
- Islamic Golden Age (8th-13th centuries CE): Significant advancements in science, mathematics, philosophy, and art.
- Ottoman Empire (1299-1924 CE): One of the largest and most influential Islamic empires in history.
- Modern Era (18th century-present): Islamic revival and reform movements, colonization and decolonization, and contemporary issues and challenges.
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