The Achievement of Western European Literature Since the 19th Century

The 17th century European literature was an important period in the history of European literature, also known as the "romantic era". The works of this period varied in style, including literature, drama, poetry, novels, and so on. The most famous works of literature in 17th century Europe were the works of shakespeare. William shakespeare was the most important figure in the renaissance period of england. His works included many classic works such as hamlet, king lear, and othello. In the 17th century, there were also other famous ones such as Cervantes, Pierre de Cervantes, and Baupassant. Their works include many famous poems such as Don Quijote, Notre-Dame de Paris, and Miserables. Seventeenth-century European literature also reflected the social and cultural background of the time, such as the Renaissance, the Religious Revolution, and the Enlightenment. The works of this period reflected people's pursuit of freedom, equality and truth, reflecting and criticizing traditional culture.

The 18th century European literature was an important period in the history of European literature, known as the "Enlightenment" period. The literary works of this period reflected the thoughts of philosophers, scientists, and teachers at that time, as well as the changes in society and people's lives. The main schools of European literature in the 18th century included romanticism, realism, and naturalism. Romanticism emphasized personal feelings and inner experiences, focusing on the character and psychological description of the characters. The representative works included Hamlet and Crusoe. Realism emphasized the character's objectively and realistically, focusing on the attention and criticism of social reality. His representative works included "Notre-Dame de Paris" and "The World of Miserables". On the other hand, naturalism emphasized the description of the natural world and the people in nature. The representative works included The Catcher in the Rye, Jane Eyre, etc. The representative works of 18th-century European literature included Pride and Predict, Jane Eyre, Miserables, Sea Labourers, and The Three Bodies. Among them, Pride and Predict, Jane Eyre, and The Three-Body Problem were famous literary works that were widely read and praised.

Western literature in the 20th century underwent many major changes and developments. The following are some of the important features: 1. Realist tendency: Western literature in the 20th century was generally influenced by the tendency of realism. The descriptions were more realistic, and the discussion of social issues was more profound. 2. The rise of modern literature: The 20th century was the period of the rise of modern literature, language, theme and other deeper issues. The characteristics of modern literature were the pursuit of innovation, uniqueness, and transcendence. It challenged and reformed traditional literary forms and languages. The 20th century was the rise of the feminism movement. Women began to fight for their rights and status to create a more equal, respectful and inclusive social environment. The end of romanticism: the decline of romantic literature in the mid-20th century explored deeper and more complex topics. The rise of superhero literature: In the second half of the 20th century, superhero literature began to rise to describe more grand and complex worldviews and storylines. 6. The widespread use of psychological descriptions and streams of consciousness: The descriptions in the 20th century were more detailed and in-depth, allowing readers to understand the character's heart and thoughts more deeply. Literature became global in the late 20th century, and literary exchanges and cooperation between different countries and cultures became more frequent and close..

The literature and arts since the 19th century are categorized as follows: 1. Classic literature: Ancient Greek mythology, Roman mythology, medieval literature, Renaissance literature, Baroque literature, romantic literature, modern literature, etc. 2. Modern literature: literature from the late 19th century to the early 20th century, such as Enlightenment literature, new literature, socialistic literature, capitalist literature, etc. 3. Fictions: Including detective novels, science fiction, horror novels, novels, detective novels, love novels, historical novels, biographies, etc. 4. Poetry: Including lyric poetry, narrative poetry, idyllic poetry, philosophical poetry, symbolism poetry, modern poetry, etc. 5. Drama: Including drama, opera, dance drama, opera, film drama, etc. 6. Prose: Including diary, essay, essay, comment, biography, novel, prose, etc. Arts: Including painting, sculpture, photography, music, dance, movies, television, etc. 8. Others: Including literary research, literary history, art history, cultural history, etc. These classifications are based on different standards, and some of them may overlap and overlap. In addition, different disciplines and fields may have different classification methods and standards, so the specific classification may be different.

Harry Potter was a 20th-century Western literary classic created by K Rowling of the United Kingdom. It was a fantasy adventure story between the magical world and the real world, loved by readers all over the world.

The representative figures of 19th century European drama literature included: 1. William Shakespeare: the most famous plays of the British Renaissance. His works include hamlet, othello, king lear, etc. 2. Victor Hugo: Representative figure of the French romantic literary movement. His works include Notre-Dame de Paris, Miserables, etc. 3. Bertrand Russell (Bertrand Russell): British philosopher and mathematician, as well as a drama and literary critic. His representative works include The Road to Happiness, On the Origin and Foundation of Human Inequality, etc. 4 William Shakespeare: the most famous play of the British Renaissance. His works include hamlet, othello, king lear, etc. 5 Jane Austen: British novelist and drama whose works include Pride and Predict, Sense and Sensibility, etc. 6 George Orwell: British novelist and drama whose works include 1984, Animal Farm, etc. 7 Victor Hugo: The representative figure of the French romantic literary movement. His works include Notre-Dame de Paris, Miserables, etc. 8 Jane Austen: British novelist and drama whose works include Pride and Predict, Sense and Sensibility, etc. The works of these representative figures had a profound impact on the development of 19th century European drama literature, and also provided important reference and enlightenment for later drama literature and art.

The common characteristics of the 20th century Western traditional literature in terms of the theme of thought mainly included the following aspects: 1. Reflection on power and order: In the 20th century, western traditional literature generally paid attention to the problems of power and order. It deeply reflected on political, social and moral issues and discussed the nature of power, the relationship between power and the consequences of power abuse. 2. Exploration of human nature: In the 20th century, traditional western literature actively explored the issue of human nature, emphasizing human dignity and value, and explored the nature of human beings, human emotions, human behavior, human desires and other issues. The pursuit of freedom: the 20th century western traditional literature generally emphasized the importance of freedom, the definition of freedom, the value of freedom, the restrictions of freedom and other issues were deeply discussed to express the pursuit and yearning for freedom. 4. The importance of cultural variety: In the 20th century, Western traditional literature generally paid attention to the issue of cultural variety. It discussed cultural variety, cultural inheritance, cultural innovation and other issues, emphasizing the importance of respecting cultural variety. 5. The importance of humanitarianismThe 20th century Western traditional literature generally paid attention to the issue of humanitarianismThe definition of humanitarianismThe value of humanitarianismThe limitations of humanitarianismThe literature carried out a profound discussion to express the pursuit and yearning for humanitarianismThe western traditional literature in the 20th century paid close attention to the issue of humanitarianismThe western traditional literature in the 20th century paid close attention to humanitarianismThe western traditional literature in the 20th century paid close attention to humanitarianismThe western traditional literature in the 20th century paid close attention to the definition of humanitarianismThe western traditional literature in the 20th century paid close attention to humanitarianismThe western traditional literature expressed their pursuit and yearning for humanitarianismThe western traditional literature in the 20th century.

The 20th-century literary trends in the West mainly included realism, modernism, post-modernism, culturalism, feminism, surrealism, post-colonization, and other schools. Among them, realism and modernism were the most common and important literary trends. Realism emphasized that literature should reflect social life and human nature, and opposed fiction and fantasy. In the 20th century, the trend of realism in literature had been widely developed and flourished, such as France, Dickens, Mao Passant, Tolstoy, etc. Their works deeply reflected the various problems of the society at that time and became important representatives in the history of Western literature. The modern literary trend of thought emphasized that literature should express the inner world and psychological state of the individual, opposing the traditional narrative mode. In the 20th century, the trend of thought in modernist literature was mainly divided into two directions, one was romanticism and the other was modernism. Romanticism emphasized personal feelings and experiences, while modernism emphasized the inner world and psychological structure of individuals. Austin, America, Faulkner, etc. The post-modern literary trend of thought emphasized that literature should criticize and reflect on history and tradition and re-examine modern culture. In the 20th century, the post-modern literary trend developed rapidly and formed many schools such as culturalism, surrealism, post-colonization, etc. The representatives of post-modern literature, America, and England. In addition, feminism, surrealism, post-colonization and other literary trends were also important components of the 20th-century literature in the west. They made unique contributions to literature.

Western literary theory in the 20th century refers to the theories and views on literary phenomena and literary value proposed by some important literary philosophers, including the following: 1. Realist literary theory: proposed by France's Victor Hugo that literature should truly reflect social life and human behavior. 2. Expressionism theory of literature: It was proposed by Germany's Max Weber to emphasize that literature should express social reality through strong emotions, conflicts, and contradictions. 3. The structuralist theory of literature, proposed by Francois Lyotard of France, believes that literature is composed of a series of elements. These elements can shape the meaning and depth of the work through structure. 4. The theory of cultural structuralism: It was proposed by Camus of France that literature should establish a new social order by reflecting on human behavior and cultural values. Existentialist literary theory: From Germany, it is believed that literature should explore the nature of human beings by expressing the loneliness, suffering and pursuit of human existence. These theories not only had a profound impact on the development of Western literature, but also had a positive effect on China literature, drama, film and other art forms.

The 19th century was one of the most important periods of European and American literature. The following are some works of 19th century European and American literature: - Dickens 'novels: A Tale of Two Cities, Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, etc. - The novels of Mopassant: "The World of Miserables","The Labourers of the Sea", etc. - Tolstoy's novels: War and Peace, Crime and Punishment, Anna Karenina, etc. - Maugham's novels: The Moon and Sixpence, The Shackles of Human Nature, etc. - The works of shakespeare: hamlet, othello, etc. - Owen's poems: Song of the Sea, The Speech of Concord, etc. - Ernest Hemmingway's novels: The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, etc. - Faulkner's novels: The Sound and the Fury, Glory, etc. - Jane Austen's novels: Pride and Predict, Emma, etc. These works had extremely high literary value and influence, and were still widely read and studied.