What was Chinese literature? What does Chinese literature include?

Chinese literature refers to traditional Chinese literature, which includes many different literary and artistic forms such as poetry, prose, novels, operas, myths and legends, etc. Chinese literature has a long history and has experienced many different eras and cultural backgrounds, so it has a rich variety of literary forms and contents. Chinese literature has a profound influence on the development of Chinese culture and society, and it is also an important part of world literature.

Chinese Language and Literature majors usually include the following courses: 1. Selection of literary works: Including ancient and modern Chinese literary works such as novels, poems, essays, etc. 2. Language: Including basic knowledge of Chinese, English, Mongolian, Manchu, and other languages. 3. History of culture, including the history of Chinese literature, the history of Chinese literary criticism, and the history of Chinese culture. 4. Ancient literature: including ancient Chinese, ancient literature, ancient culture, etc. 5. Appreciation of Chinese literature: Including poems, novels, essays, plays, and other works. 6. Appreciation of calligraphy, painting, music, and other arts. 7. Philology: It includes Chinese characters, font, and word morphology. 8. Literature theory: including literary trends, literary schools, literary theory, etc. Translator: Including Chinese and foreign languages. 10. Chinese Language and Character Usage: Including Chinese Character Information Processing, Information Searching, Language Teaching, etc. These courses were designed to develop students 'understanding of Chinese literature and culture, as well as their language skills and cultural attainments. At the same time, graduates of the Chinese Language and Literature major could also engage in editing, publishing, advertising, public relations, and other word-and language-related jobs.

Chinese Language and Literature majors usually cover the following areas: 1. Chinese characters and calligraphy: learn the writing, evolution, and variation of Chinese characters, as well as the art of calligraphy. 2. Chinese pronunciation and grammar: learn the basic pronunciation, intonation, and grammar rules of Chinese, as well as Chinese dialect and special Chinese languages. 3. Analysis of literary works: analyze ancient and modern Chinese literary works, including novels, poems, essays, plays, etc., to understand their cultural background, style, techniques, and theme. 4. Chinese literary criticism: learn the basic theories of Chinese literary criticism, including literary types, literary traditions, literary schools, and the relationship between literature and society. 5. History of Chinese culture: Learning Chinese history and culture includes ancient civilization, politics, economy, culture, and art. 6. Chinese Literature and Culture: Learn the relationship between Chinese literature and culture, including the influence of literature on Chinese culture and the influence of Chinese literature on Chinese culture. Chinese language education and research: The basic theories of learning Chinese language education and research include Chinese teaching, language testing, Chinese language and culture, etc. The above is the main content that the Chinese language and literature major usually covers. Of course, the specific curriculum may vary according to the school and the major.

Chinese literature has a long history and rich cultural heritage. Chinese literature was mainly divided into two categories: classical literature and modern literature. The classical literature referred to the literature passed down from ancient China through history, legends, myths, poems, essays, operas, and other artistic forms. The classic works of Chinese classical literature include The Book of Songs, The Songs of Chu, The Analects of Confucius, The Tao Te Ching, Dream of the Red Chamber, etc. Modern literature referred to the literature passed down in modern Chinese history through novels, poems, essays, plays, movies, music, and other artistic forms. The classic works of modern Chinese literature included Dream of the Red Chamber, Water Margins, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Journey to the West, and The Scholars. Chinese literature was rich in literary schools and classic works such as realism, romanticism, realism, symbolism, expressionism, and neo-realism. Chinese literature was also deeply influenced by Western literature. For example, the works of poets such as Bai Juyi and Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty, Li Bai and Su Shi of the Tang Dynasty were influenced by ancient Greek and Roman civilizations.

The content of ancient Chinese literature and modern Chinese literature was different. Ancient Chinese literature mainly studied ancient Chinese history, culture, politics, economy, and other aspects of knowledge, as well as the literary creation, style, genre, and content of ancient literary works. Among them, ancient Chinese literary works included poetry, prose, novels, operas, and other art forms such as Dream of the Red Chamber, Water Margins, Journey to the West, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and other classic works. Modern Chinese literature mainly studied the history and development of modern Chinese literature, as well as the different schools and differences. Among them, modern and contemporary Chinese literary works included novels, essays, poems, plays, and other art forms such as Lu Xun, Lao She, Ba Jin, Mao Dun, and other classic works. In addition to the above differences, there are also certain differences between ancient Chinese literature and modern literature in terms of research methods, research objects, and discipline status.

There are many types of ancient Chinese literature. The following are some of the main styles and their characteristics: 1. Fictions: Fictions are one of the most popular styles in ancient Chinese literature and one of the main forms of expression in ancient Chinese literature. A novel was usually featured by twists and turns in the plot, plump characters, and concise language. Usually, the author would express the author's thoughts and feelings through narration, description, and discussion. Poetry: Poetry is one of the most important styles in ancient Chinese literature. It is famous for its beautiful language, rhythm and artistic conception. The characteristics of poetry were to express the author's emotions and thoughts, focusing on artistic conception and rhythm. Prose: Prose is another important style in ancient Chinese literature, including Fu, argumentative articles, letters, etc. Prose is a language that is fluent, expressive, and pays attention to thought and logic. 4. Yuefu: Yuefu was an important genre in ancient Chinese literature. It was mainly produced during the Warring States Period, including some poems in the Book of Songs and the Songs of Chu. Yuefu was a genre that used music as a clue to express the author's emotions and thoughts through describing the scenes of nature and life. Ci: Ci is another important genre in ancient Chinese literature. It mainly originated from the Tang Dynasty and includes many famous Tang poems and Song poems. Ci is a beautiful and emotional language, usually expressed in one or two lines of poetry with a beautiful rhythm. These styles played an important role in ancient Chinese literature, not only leaving a rich cultural heritage for future generations, but also had a profound impact on world literature.

The new Chinese literature, modern Chinese literature, and contemporary Chinese literature were all important periods and schools in the history of Chinese literature. They had their own historical backgrounds, literary characteristics, and influences. Chinese new literature refers to the literary phenomenon from the 1980s to the late 1990s. Its main goal was to reflect on the modern and criticize the reality, emphasizing the social criticism and humane care of literature, and opposing the closeness and examination-oriented of the old literature. Mao Dun, Lao She, Ba Jin, Mo Yan, etc. Modern Chinese literature refers to the literature from the 1920s to the late 1940s. With the integration of traditional culture and modern culture as the main background, it focuses on the performance of the spirit of the Chinese nation, ideology and culture, emphasizing the nationality and era of literature. The main representatives of modern Chinese literature, Lu Xun, Lao She, Mao Dun, Ba Jin, Shen Congwen, etc. Chinese contemporary literature refers to the literature from the 1980s to the present. It emphasized the international and cross-cultural communication of literature, focusing on the social, political, economic and cultural features of contemporary China, emphasizing the contemporary and national characteristics of literature. The main representatives of contemporary Chinese literature, Yu Hua, Jia Pingao, Su Tong, Margaret Atwood, etc. The new Chinese literature, modern Chinese literature, and contemporary Chinese literature are all important periods and schools in the history of Chinese literature. They have their own historical backgrounds, literary characteristics, and influences. Different periods and schools have their own unique literary styles and ways of expression.

The new Chinese literature, modern Chinese literature and contemporary Chinese literature are all periods in the history of Chinese literature, but they have different historical backgrounds, literary characteristics and development trends. Chinese new literature refers to the phenomenon of Chinese literature that appeared from the 1950s to the early 1980s. 1. Anti-tradition: Chinese new literature is opposed to the old literature's old, rigid and closed style, trying to find new literary forms and expressions, exploring new literary ideas and practices. 2. Realism: Chinese new literature emphasized realism, focusing on social reality and people's lives, showing a strong tendency to realism. 3. Literature schools: A large number of literary schools such as the New Sensation School, New Realism, New Expressionism, and New Doctrine appeared in Chinese New Literature. 4. Literature Movement: During the period of Chinese New Literature, there were also many literary movements such as the New Literature Movement, the Literature Revolution, and the Literature Realism Movement. Modern Chinese literature refers to the phenomenon of Chinese literature that appeared after the 1980s. Its main characteristics include: 1. Pluralism: Modern Chinese literature presents the characteristics of a variety of literary schools, covering realism, realism, symbolism, post-modern and other schools. 2. International perspective: Modern Chinese literature has been influenced and impacted by international literature to a certain extent, and many international literary exchanges have been carried out. 3. Realism: Although there are also realistic literary schools in modern Chinese literature, the tendency of realism is weaker than that of Chinese new literature. Chinese contemporary literature refers to the phenomenon of Chinese literature that appeared after the 21st century. 1. Global: Chinese contemporary literature is closely related to the trend of thought of global literature and actively participate in international literary exchanges. 2. Pluralism: Chinese contemporary literature presents a pluralistic characteristic, discussing Chinese social issues at different levels.

The books on contemporary Chinese literature include comments on contemporary Chinese literature. You can refer to the following well-known journals and books: 1. The Debate on Literature and Art: It is one of the most well-known journals in the Chinese literary world and contains a large number of comments on contemporary Chinese literature. [2] The World of Fictions: It is also a famous novel journal that contains many comments on contemporary Chinese literature. 3. Literature Review: It was another well-known literature review journal that also contained many comments on contemporary Chinese literature. 4. Reader: It is a very popular literary journal that also contains many comments on contemporary Chinese literature. In addition to the above journals, there were many other books and journals that contained reviews of contemporary Chinese literature. For example, Literature Heritage, Fictions, and Long Fictions had many excellent reviews of contemporary Chinese literature.

Chinese literature refers to the various literary forms and schools that have occurred and developed in China, including but not limited to: 1. Classic literature: refers to the literary works from the pre-Qin period to the Qing Dynasty, including poetry, prose, novels, operas, etc. 2. Traditional novels: The novels of the Ming and Qing Dynasties represented by the literary works, including Dream of the Red Chamber, Journey to the West, Water Margins, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, etc. 3. Modern literature: refers to the Chinese literary works of the late 19th century and early 20th century, including Lu Xun, Lao She, Ba Jin, Shen Congwen, etc. 4. contemporary literature: refers to the Chinese literature of the second half of the 20th century, including Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Jia Pingao, Mai Jia, etc. 5. Chinese literary criticism refers to the analysis of Chinese literary works, including literary theory, literary history, and literary works. In addition to the above-mentioned literary forms, there are many other schools and works of Chinese literature, such as Tang poetry, Song poetry, Yuan opera, Ming and Qing novels, folk tales, rap arts, etc. Chinese literature has a long and rich history, with a unique artistic style and cultural content.